An examination of language processing speed among Yoruba–English bilinguals in Lagos
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Language processing speed is a key indicator of cognitive efficiency and linguistic proficiency, particularly among bilingual populations. In Lagos, Yoruba–English bilinguals navigate two distinct linguistic systems that require rapid switching and efficient processing. Recent research indicates that bilinguals may develop enhanced cognitive flexibility, which can accelerate processing speed in tasks involving language comprehension and production (Olaniyi, 2023). This study examines how the constant interplay between Yoruba and English affects processing speed, exploring both behavioral measures and neural correlates using reaction time assessments and neuroimaging techniques (Afolabi, 2024). Factors such as language dominance, frequency of code-switching, and cognitive load are investigated to determine their impact on processing efficiency. Moreover, the socio-cultural context of Lagos, characterized by its high linguistic diversity and dynamic communication environment, provides an ideal setting to study these phenomena. By integrating findings from psycholinguistics and cognitive neuroscience, this research aims to develop a nuanced understanding of bilingual language processing speed and its implications for language education and cognitive development (Babatunde, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the recognized benefits of bilingualism, the impact of managing two languages on processing speed remains ambiguous. Many studies suggest that bilinguals experience cognitive advantages, yet others report potential delays in processing speed due to constant language switching (Olaniyi, 2023). Specifically, for Yoruba–English bilinguals in Lagos, the challenge lies in reconciling two languages with distinct phonological and syntactic properties, which may slow down language processing. Furthermore, variations in language exposure and usage patterns complicate the interpretation of processing speed metrics. These inconsistencies in existing research underscore the need for a comprehensive examination of the factors that modulate language processing speed in bilinguals (Afolabi, 2024; Babatunde, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To measure and compare language processing speeds in Yoruba–English bilinguals.
2. To identify cognitive and linguistic factors that influence processing efficiency.
3. To propose strategies for optimizing bilingual language performance.
Research Questions:
1. What is the average processing speed in Yoruba–English bilinguals compared to monolingual speakers?
2. How does code-switching frequency affect processing speed?
3. What cognitive factors underlie differences in processing speed among bilinguals?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it provides critical insights into the cognitive dynamics of bilingualism among Yoruba–English speakers in Lagos. Understanding language processing speed can inform educational practices and cognitive training programs, ultimately contributing to enhanced language proficiency and academic achievement. The findings may also benefit broader research on bilingual cognitive advantages and language development (Olaniyi, 2023; Afolabi, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to examining language processing speed among Yoruba–English bilinguals in Lagos using behavioral and neuroimaging assessments, without extending to other bilingual groups or linguistic contexts.
Definitions of Terms:
• Language Processing Speed: The rate at which individuals comprehend and produce language.
• Bilingualism: The ability to use two languages fluently.
• Code-switching: The practice of alternating between two languages during communication.
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